This Special Issue aims to bridge the gap between fundamental fiber optic breakthroughs and mission-critical engineering applications, showcasing innovative research on emerging tools like specialty optical fibers, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), distributed temperature. If 5G is the neural conduction of the digital age and AI the super brain, fiber sensing serves as the quietly growing peripheral nerves. In 2023, a group from California Institute of Technology, collaborating with Google, achieved the world's first commercial submarine cable-based second-level. Fiber optic sensing has emerged as a cornerstone of modern photonics, enabling high-precision, real-time monitoring in harsh and remote environments. Recent breakthroughs in materials science, laser technologies, and signal demodulation algorithms have expanded the frontiers of this field, driving. 5 million research initiative funded by Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Action is transforming existing telecommunication fibre optic networks into a powerful sensing platform for natural hazard detection and infrastructure monitoring.
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